Manejo no farmacológico del dolor por Osteoartritis en la Atención Primaria de Salud: una revisión bibliográfica

Joxani Lopez Rincones; Victor Gil Hernandez; Ariadny Requena Salomón; Luz Arocha Delgado; Ninoska Fuentes Sánchez; Alejandro Cabrita Cohen

doi:10.5281/zenodo.17185607

Authors

Joxani Lopez Rincones Médico Cirujano, CESFAM Colina, Colina, Chile. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8159-2070
Victor Gil Hernandez Médico Cirujano, CESFAM Esmeralda, Colina, Chile. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9444-2208
Ariadny Requena Salomón Médico Cirujano, CESFAM Esmeralda, Colina, Chile. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3159-3283
Luz Arocha Delgado Médico Cirujano, CESFAM Esmeralda, Colina, Chile. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5936-1240
Ninoska Fuentes Sánchez Médico Cirujano, CESFAM Esmeralda, Colina, Chile. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3535-1007
Alejandro Cabrita Cohen Médico Cirujano, CESFAM Esmeralda, Colina, Chile. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9404

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17185607

Keywords:

Osteoarthritis, Non-pharmacological, Treatment, Primary Health Care

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent chronic degenerative disease, especially among older adults, and is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Non-pharmacological treatment has gained vital importance, bringing Primary Health Care (PHC) to the forefront. Methodology: A literature review (n = 29 selected articles) was conducted through a systematic search in Web of Science, focusing on non-pharmacological interventions published between 2021 and 2025. Results: Physical exercise—particularly resistance training—alongside patient education and weight loss were identified as the most effective strategies, strongly supported by clinical guidelines. Additionally, other therapies such as Tai Chi and Pilates showed moderate benefits in pain management and functionality. Complementary therapies, including aquatic exercises and mineral baths, present promising evidence; however, more comparable studies are needed. Discussion: Non-pharmacological treatment of OA is effective, safe, and necessary within PHC, with exercise, education, and weight loss standing out as central interventions. More robust studies are needed to determine the effectiveness and benefits of complementary therapies. These strategies are generally accessible and low-cost but face barriers such as the lack of clinical guidelines and specialized personnel. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological management should be part of the initial strategy in addressing OA, using a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. Its implementation in PHC is essential, with guidelines adapted to local and national contexts.

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