Epidemiological Analysis of Rheumatic Heart Disease in Chile (1990–2021): Evidence and Mortality.

Abstract

Introduction: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a chronic heart condition caused by damage to the heart valves after acute rheumatic fever, an autoimmune response triggered by group A streptococcal infections. Complications include heart failure and infectious endocarditis. In Chile, although RHD has been addressed by health strategies, it remains a leading cause of death. Objective: To describe the mortality from Rheumatic Heart Disease between 1995 and 2021 in Chile. Methodology: Observational, longitudinal, descriptive ecological study. Death data were obtained from the WHO with the underlying cause of death listed as Rheumatic Heart Disease (ICD-10 code: I01-I09). Results: A total of 5,314 deaths from RHD were reported over 26 years. Women died more frequently from this condition (64.9%; n=3,427) compared to men (35.1%; n=1,887). In both sexes, the age groups with the most deaths were 45-64 and 65+ years. Discussion: Mortality from RHD is concentrated in the 45+ age groups, with a progressive increase in mortality with age. In Chile, RHD is included in the AUGE/GES health system, but challenges remain in the effective implementation of this coverage, especially outside the Metropolitan Region. Conclusion: Despite the decrease in mortality from RHD since 1995, there are still gaps in access to early diagnosis and specialized care. Health policies focused on individuals aged 45+ could further reduce mortality.