Trends in Mortality from Arterial Hypertension in Chile (2010–2022)

Abstract

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (HTN) is a chronic disease characterized by the persistent elevation of blood pressure. Several pathophysiological factors contribute to its development, including genetic, neurogenic, humoral, and autoregulatory mechanisms. In Chile, HTN is a public health issue. According to the 2016–2017 National Health Survey (ENS), the prevalence of HTN among individuals aged 15 and older is 27.3%. In this context, studying mortality due to HTN is essential to adequately assess its impact on the healthcare system. Objective: To describe mortality due to arterial hypertension in Chile between 2010 and 2022. Methodology: Observational, descriptive ecological study. Records were obtained from the Chilean Ministry of Health (MINSAL). Results: A total of 31,427 deaths due to HTN were recorded in Chile between 2010 and 2022. Deaths increased by 178% compared to the initial figure in 2010 and were concentrated in the Metropolitan, Valparaíso, and Biobío regions. The majority of deaths occurred at home, across all regions of the country. Discussion: Higher mortality is observed among women. This contrasts with other cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, where mortality in Chile is more frequent among men. Conclusion: A significant increase in mortality has been recorded since 2019. Women represent the greatest burden of mortality, suggesting possible gender gaps in timely diagnosis, treatment, and/or follow-up of this condition. Regionally, the concentration of deaths in the most populated areas of the country suggests the influence of sociodemographic factors and access to healthcare.